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丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白 1

人口流动 1

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反式脂肪酸 1

可拓 1

复杂大系统 1

大流行 1

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Calorie restriction and its impact on gut microbial composition and global metabolism

Xiaojiao Zheng, Shouli Wang, Wei Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 634-644 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0670-8

摘要：

Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients. It has long been recognized as a natural strategy for promoting health, extending longevity, and prevents the development of metabolic and age-related diseases. In the present review, we focus on the general effect of CR on gut microbiota composition and global metabolism. We also propose mechanisms for its beneficial effect. Results showed that probiotic and butyrate-producing microbes increased their relative abundance, whereas proinflammatory strains exhibited suppressed relative abundance following CR. Analyses of the gut microbial and host metabolisms revealed that most host microbial co-metabolites were changed due to CR. Examples of dramatic CR-induced changes in host metabolism included a decrease in the rate of lipid biosynthesis and an increase in the rates of fatty acid catabolism, β-oxidation, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis. The observed phenotypes and the further verification of the direct link between gut microbiota and metabolome may benefit patients that are at risk for developing metabolic disease. Thus, improved gut microbiota composition and metabolome are potential biomarkers for determining the effectiveness of dietary interventions for age-related and metabolic diseases.

关键词： caloric restriction     gut microbiota     metabolome    

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Phase transition regulation and caloric effect

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 463-477 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1

摘要： Solid state refrigeration based on caloric effect is regarded as a potential candidate for replacing vapor-compression refrigeration. Numerous methods have been proposed to optimize the refrigeration properties of caloric materials, of which single field tuning as a relatively simple way has been systemically studied. However, single field tuning with few tunable parameters usually obtains an excellent performance in one specific aspect at the cost of worsening the performance in other aspects, like attaining a large caloric effect with narrowing the transition temperature range and introducing hysteresis. Because of the shortcomings of the caloric effect driven by a single field, multifield tuning on multicaloric materials that have a coupling between different ferro-orders came into view. This review mainly focuses on recent studies that apply this method to improve the cooling performance of materials, consisting of enlarging caloric effects, reducing hysteresis losses, adjusting transition temperatures, and widening transition temperature spans, which indicate that further progress can be made in the application of this method. Furthermore, research on the sign of lattice and spin contributions to the magnetocaloric effect found new phonon evolution mechanisms, calling for more attention on multicaloric effects. Other progress including improving cyclability of FeRh alloys by introducing second phases and realizing a large reversible barocaloric effect by hybridizing carbon chains and inorganic groups is described in brief.

关键词： phase transition regulation     caloric effect     solid state refrigeration    

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An identification method for enclosed voids restriction in manufacturability design for additive manufacturing

Shutian LIU,Quhao LI,Wenjiong CHEN,Liyong TONG,Gengdong CHENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第2期   页码 126-137 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0340-3

摘要：

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), have become the powerful tools for direct manufacturing of complex parts. This breakthrough in manufacturing technology makes the fabrication of new geometrical features and multiple materials possible. Past researches on designs and design methods often focused on how to obtain desired functional performance of the structures or parts, specific manufacturing capabilities as well as manufacturing constraints of AM were neglected. However, the inherent constraints in AM processes should be taken into account in design process. In this paper, the enclosed voids, one type of manufacturing constraints of AM, are investigated. In mathematics, enclosed voids restriction expressed as the solid structure is simply-connected. We propose an equivalent description of simply-connected constraint for avoiding enclosed voids in structures, named as virtual temperature method (VTM). In this method, suppose that the voids in structure are filled with a virtual heating material with high heat conductivity and solid areas are filled with another virtual material with low heat conductivity. Once the enclosed voids exist in structure, the maximum temperature value of structure will be very high. Based upon this method, the simply-connected constraint is equivalent to maximum temperature constraint. And this method can be easily used to formulate the simply-connected constraint in topology optimization. The effectiveness of this description method is illustrated by several examples. Based upon topology optimization, an example of 3D cantilever beam is used to illustrate the trade-off between manufacturability and functionality. Moreover, the three optimized structures are fabricated by FDM technology to indicate further the necessity of considering the simply-connected constraint in design phase for AM.

关键词： additive manufacturing     topology optimization     manufacturability constraints     design for additive manufacturing     simply-connected constraint    

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Caloric evaporation of the brine in Zangnan Salt Lake

Shiqiang WANG, Yafei GUO, Nan ZHANG, Lingzhong BU, Tianlong DENG, Mianping ZHENG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 343-348 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1029-0

摘要： Zangnan Salt Lake on the south of the Tibet is a type of carbonate lake with high concentrations of lithium, boron, and potassium and obviously it differs from seawater in its chemical composition. An experimental simulation of the caloric evaporation of the lake’s brine was conducted by first freezing the brine and then performing isothermal evaporation at 288.15 K. The freezing path and the physicochemical properties of the brine were determined. The crystallization sequence was natron, hydrohalite, halite, sylvite, zabuyelite, trona, aphthitalite, thermonatrite, and borax. Rubidium and cesium salts did not crystallized out but concentrated in the mother solution. The physicochemical properties (density, refractive index, conductivity, and pH) of the liquid phase changed as the evaporation progressed. In the beginning of the evaporation processes, the concentration of potassium ions in the liquid phase gradually increased but later it decreased. A peak value of 55.21 g/L was obtained when the evaporation was 88% complete. When the mineral aphthitalite began to crystallize; the concentrations of B O , Li , Rb , and Cs gradually increased as the evaporation progressed. When the evaporation was 98% complete, their concentrations in the mother liquor were 40.77 g/L, 4.838 g/L, 400.17 mg/L and 31.95 mg/L, respectively. This essential fundamental study can provide an important reference for the comprehensive utilization of brines in Zangnan Salt Lake.

关键词： Zangnan Salt Lake     evaporation     crystallization path     freezing    

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Current molecular biologic techniques for characterizing environmental microbial community

Dawen GAO, Yu TAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 82-97 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0306-6

摘要： Microbes are vital to the earth because of their enormous numbers and instinct function maintaining the natural balance. Since the microbiology was applied in environmental science and engineering more than a century ago, researchers desire for more and more information concerning the microbial spatio-temporal variations in almost every fields from contaminated soil to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). For the past 30 years, molecular biologic techniques explored for environmental microbial community (EMC) have spanned a broad range of approaches to facilitate the researches with the assistance of computer science: faster, more accurate and more sensitive. In this feature article, we outlined several current and emerging molecular biologic techniques applied in detection of EMC, and presented and assessed in detail the application of three promising tools.

关键词： molecular biological technique     microbial community     denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)     terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)     environmental applications    

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多维界壳约束下的模糊可拓经济控制

李华,刘峰,贺仲雄

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第8期   页码 51-57

摘要：

讨论了复杂大系统，特别是经济系统的智能控制问题，把参与竞争的实体视为模糊可拓经济空间的一个点，把各种限制约束条件视为一个多维界壳，并定义了界壳的约束度。实体在参与竞争时，首先要获取信息，删除噪声，然后寻求界壳与界门，必要时调用可拓力，以达到预定目标。

关键词： 复杂大系统     模糊可拓经济空间     界壳     冲击界门     可拓    

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Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Hongyuan WANG, Xiaolu JIANG, Ya HE, Huashi GUAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 194-199 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0018-3

摘要： Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, I and I, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from I and I both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With I as the sample, the pair wise -tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites ( ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).

关键词： terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)     bacterial community structure     marine microbial diversity     HhaI     MspI    

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Diversity and vertical distributions of sediment bacteria in an urban river contaminated by nutrients and heavy metals

Xunan YANG, Shan HUANG, Qunhe WU, Renduo ZHANG, Guangli LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 851-859 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0569-1

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the benthic bacterial communities in different depths of an urban river sediment accumulated with high concentrations of nutrients and metals. Vertical distributions of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and chemical parameters (nutrients: , , dissolved organic carbon, and acid volatile sulfur; metals: Fe, Zn, and Cu) were characterized in 30 cm sediment cores. The bacterial OTUs were measured using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Biodiversity indexes and multivariate statistical analyses were used to characterize the spatial distributions of microbial diversity in response to the environmental parameters. Results showed that concentrations of the nutrients and metals in this river sediment were higher than those in similar studies. Furthermore, high microbial richness and diversity appeared in the sediment. The diversity did not vary obviously in the whole sediment profile. The change of the diversity indexes and the affiliations of the OTUs showed that the top layer had different bacterial community structure from deeper layers due to the hydrological disturbance and redox change in the surface sediment. The dominant bacterial OTUs ubiquitously existed in the deeper sediment layers (5–27 cm) corresponding to the distributions of the nutrients and metals. With much higher diversity than the dominant OTUs, the minor bacterial assemblages varied with depths, which might be affected by the sedimentation process and the environmental competition pressure.

关键词： heavy metals     nutrients     sediment profile     terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism    

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Response of bacterial communities to short-term pyrene exposure in red soil

Jingjing PENG, Hong LI, Jianqiang SU, Qiufang ZHANG, Junpeng RUI, Chao CAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 559-567 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0501-8

摘要： Pyrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound produced mainly from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is hazardous to ecosystem health. However, long-term exposure studies did not detect any significant effects of pyrene on soil microorganism. In this study, short-term microcosm experiments were conducted to identify the immediate effect of pyrene on soil bacterial communities. A freshly-collected pristine red soil was spiked with pyrene at 0, 10, 100, 200, and 500 mg·kg and incubated for one day and seven days. The bacterial communities in the incubated soils were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods. The results revealed high bacterial diversity in both unspiked and pyrene-spiked soils. Only at the highest pyrene-spiking rate of 500 mg·kg , two minor bacteria groups of the identified 14 most abundant bacteria groups were completely suppressed. Short-term exposure to pyrene resulted in dominance of Proteobacteria in soil, followed by Acidobacteria, Firmutes, and Bacteroidetes. Our findings showed that bacterial community structure did respond to the presence of pyrene but recovered rapidly from the perturbation. The intensity of impact and the rate of recovery showed some pyrene dosage-dependent trends. Our results revealed that different levels of pyrene may affect the bacterial community structure by suppressing or selecting certain groups of bacteria. It was also found that the bacterial community was most susceptible to pyrene within one day of the chemical addition.

关键词： pyrene     bacterial communities     terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism     short-term exposure     rank-abundance plots    

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Association study on GNB3 gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Uygur group

JING Jianying, WANG Dan, WANG Xiaofeng, JIN Jianzhong, JIN Li, JIAO Yi, WEN Hao, LIN Renyong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 230-233 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0045-z

摘要： The relationship between the tenth exon C825T of G-protein β3 subunit (GNB) genetic polymorphism and hypertension in the Uygur population of China was investigated. A nested case-control study ( = 738) was carried out. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to genotype GNB C825T polymorphism in 354 hypertensive (HT) and 384 normotensive (NT) Uygur subjects. The distributions of GNB C825T genotypes were CC (27.2%), TT (42.9%), and CT (29.9%) in the hypertensive subjects and CC (27.7%), TT (42.4%), CT (29.9%) in the normotensive subjects. There were no significant differences in the genotype distributions between the two groups ( = 0.0262 P = 0.99). The T allele was 51.4% in hypertensive subjects and 51.2% in normotensive subjects, which, between the two groups, was not a significant difference ( = 0.0016 P = 0.97). Further analysis shows that there is no association between C825T genotypes and age, body mass index (BMI), Glucose (GLU), Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol (CHO), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). No evidence was found to suggest an association between GNB C825T polymorphism and hypertension in the Uygur population of China.

关键词： case-control     significant difference     reaction-restriction fragment     C825T polymorphism     evidence    

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Community dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale wastewater treatment system with nitrification stability

Xiaohui WANG, Xianghua WEN, Hengjing YAN, Kun DING, Man HU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 92-98 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0254-6

摘要： To determine whether the functional stability of nitrification was correlated to a stable community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, the AOB community dynamics in a wastewater treatment system was monitored over one year. The community dynamics were investigated using specific PCR followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the gene. The T-RFLP results indicated that during the period of nitrification stability, the AOB community structure in the full-scale wastewater treatment system was relatively stable, and the average change rate every 15 d of the system was 6.6%±5.8%. The phylogenetic analysis of the cloned gene showed clearly that the dominant AOB in the system was spp. The results of this study indicated that throughout the study period, the AOB community structure was relatively stable in the full-scale wastewater treatment system with functional stability of nitrification.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)     community dynamics     terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)     nitrification performance    

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Site-directed mutagenesis of long QT syndrome KCNQ1 gene

LI Wei, WANG Bin, XU Qiumei, KE Qinmei, YANG Junguo, DU Rong, TIAN Li, WANG Qing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 100-104 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0018-x

摘要： To construct a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) site-directed mutagenesis of the long QT syndrome KCNQ1 gene , two sets of primers were designed according to the sequence of KCNQ1 cDNA and a mismatch was introduced into primers. Mutagenesis was performed in a two-step PCR. The amplified fragments from the third PCR which contained the mutation site were sub-cloned into the T-vector pCR2.1. Then, the fragments containing the mutation site was obtained from pCR2.1 using restriction enzymes digestion and inserted into the same restriction site of pIRES-EGFP-KCNQ1. The sequencing analysis shows that the mutation site was correct. Mutation from A to G in site 983 of KCNQ1 cDNA was found. Using the Effectene transfection reagent, pIRES-EGFP-KCNQ1 (G983A) was transfected into HEK cells successfully. These results may shed light on further functional study of KCNQ1 gene.

关键词： restriction     digestion     syndrome     sequence     site-directed mutagenesis    

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全球旅行和接触限制对减缓COVID-19 疫情大流行作用的评估 Article

赖圣杰, Nick W. Ruktanonchai, Alessandra Carioli, Corrine W. Ruktanonchai, Jessica R. Floyd, Olivia Prosper, 张弛, 杜向军, 杨维中, Andrew J. Tatem

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第7期   页码 914-923 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.017

摘要：

为了减缓新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的大流行，全球已广泛实施了旅行限制和保持社交距离的措施，但这些干预措施在不同地区和时间方面的有效性尚待深入研究。基于2020年第一波疫情期间135个国家或地区手机定位数据获得的人口流动指标，我们构建了一个元人口流行病学模型（metapopulation epidemiological model），用于评估全球旅行和接触限制对遏制不同地区COVID-19传播的影响。研究发现，如果未采取这些干预措施，截至2020年5月31日，研究地区（135个国家或地区）的累计COVID-19病例数可能已增加97倍（四分位距为79~116）。然而，这些措施的有效性取决于干预的及时性、强度和持续时长，并且不同人群、地区和季节的发病严重程度有所差异。此外，本研究结果强调，在放松干预措施期间，并且在有效的疫苗普及和实现群体免疫之前，在一定程度上，仍需采取减少人员接触的措施，以避免下一波疫情的快速出现和再次采取全面封锁措施。

关键词： COVID-19     大流行     人口流动     旅行限制     保持社交距离    

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脂肪变性诱发肝癌发生机制——HCV核心基因转基因小鼠的经验教训 Review

Pan Diao, Fangping Jia, Xiaojing Wang, Xiao Hu, Takefumi Kimura, Takero Nakajima, Toshifumi Aoyama, Kyoji Moriya, Kazuhiko Koike, Naoki Tanaka

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第12期   页码 1797-1805 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.019

摘要：

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是全球慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌（HCC）的主要病因。在HCV的结构蛋白中，HCV核心蛋白具有调控基因转录、脂质代谢、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡和自噬的能力，所有这些都与HCC的发展密切相关。携带HCV核心基因的转基因小鼠表现出与慢性丙型肝炎患者的临床特征相似的年龄依赖性胰岛素抵抗、肝脂肪变性和HCC。一些饮食习惯的调整，包括限制热量和富含饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、反式脂肪酸（TFA）或胆固醇的饮食，被证明会影响HCV核心基因转基因小鼠的肝脏脂肪生成和肿瘤形成。这些饮食的改变除了调节肝纤维化过程和微环境外，还调节了肝细胞的应激和增殖，从而证实了饮
食习惯与脂肪变性相关的肝癌发生之间的密切联系。本文综述了HCV基因组转基因小鼠模型的研究结果，重点介绍了HCV核心基因转基因小鼠的研究结果，并讨论了HCV核心蛋白诱导脂肪变性和肝癌发生的机制，以及饮食习惯对脂肪变性所致肝癌的影响。

关键词： 脂肪变性     肝细胞癌     反式脂肪酸     饱和脂肪酸     饮食限制     丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Calorie restriction and its impact on gut microbial composition and global metabolism

Xiaojiao Zheng, Shouli Wang, Wei Jia

期刊论文

Phase transition regulation and caloric effect

期刊论文

An identification method for enclosed voids restriction in manufacturability design for additive manufacturing

Shutian LIU,Quhao LI,Wenjiong CHEN,Liyong TONG,Gengdong CHENG

期刊论文

Caloric evaporation of the brine in Zangnan Salt Lake

Shiqiang WANG, Yafei GUO, Nan ZHANG, Lingzhong BU, Tianlong DENG, Mianping ZHENG

期刊论文

Current molecular biologic techniques for characterizing environmental microbial community

Dawen GAO, Yu TAO

期刊论文

多维界壳约束下的模糊可拓经济控制

李华,刘峰,贺仲雄

期刊论文

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Hongyuan WANG, Xiaolu JIANG, Ya HE, Huashi GUAN

期刊论文

Diversity and vertical distributions of sediment bacteria in an urban river contaminated by nutrients and heavy metals

Xunan YANG, Shan HUANG, Qunhe WU, Renduo ZHANG, Guangli LIU

期刊论文

Response of bacterial communities to short-term pyrene exposure in red soil

Jingjing PENG, Hong LI, Jianqiang SU, Qiufang ZHANG, Junpeng RUI, Chao CAI

期刊论文

Association study on GNB3 gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Uygur group

JING Jianying, WANG Dan, WANG Xiaofeng, JIN Jianzhong, JIN Li, JIAO Yi, WEN Hao, LIN Renyong

期刊论文

Community dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale wastewater treatment system with nitrification stability

Xiaohui WANG, Xianghua WEN, Hengjing YAN, Kun DING, Man HU

期刊论文

Site-directed mutagenesis of long QT syndrome KCNQ1 gene

LI Wei, WANG Bin, XU Qiumei, KE Qinmei, YANG Junguo, DU Rong, TIAN Li, WANG Qing

期刊论文

全球旅行和接触限制对减缓COVID-19 疫情大流行作用的评估

赖圣杰, Nick W. Ruktanonchai, Alessandra Carioli, Corrine W. Ruktanonchai, Jessica R. Floyd, Olivia Prosper, 张弛, 杜向军, 杨维中, Andrew J. Tatem

期刊论文

脂肪变性诱发肝癌发生机制——HCV核心基因转基因小鼠的经验教训

Pan Diao, Fangping Jia, Xiaojing Wang, Xiao Hu, Takefumi Kimura, Takero Nakajima, Toshifumi Aoyama, Kyoji Moriya, Kazuhiko Koike, Naoki Tanaka

期刊论文